Wordsworth's Preface

• Discuss 'Daffodils - I wandered lonely as a cloud' with reference to Wordsworth's poetic creed.

          Classicism and Romanticism are artistic movements that have influenced the literature, visual art, music, and architecture of the Western world over many centuries. With its origins in the ancient Greek and Roman societies, Classicism defines beauty as that which demonstrates balance and order. Difference between classicism and Romanticism is that is a word that has carried so many different meanings at different times that no single meaning can any longer be said it should be used with discretion in common sense the word classicism is applied to the literary trend which requires at least some of these characteristic in creative writing; balance, unity, proportion and noble simplicity it implies self-knowledge self-control and sense of reality One of the basic romanticism is the belief in the primary goodness of man it is maintained under this belief that man in “state of nature” would behave decently .a belief closely connected to natural goodness is that of the perfectibility of man .so that romanticism concentrate upon the sublime and the wonderful, that which goes beyond mundane.

• Do You agree with Wordsworth's poetic Creed?

           Yes, I'm agree with Wordsworth's Poetic creed, because you are writing a poetry for everyone. If your language of poetry is not understandable to all than it is not good thing. Or we can say that the language of poetry should be easy ,so common man can also understand. The main thing is, poetry should give delight to common man also, whether it's following the rules of poetry or not. 

• 'What' is poet? 

         Wordsworth said that "Poet is a man who speaking to man, endued with more lively sensible who has greater knowledge of human nature, and a more comprehensive soul, than are supposed to be common among mankind" So by this definition of Wordsworth on Poet, We can say that Poet is a different man , who has greater knowledge of human nature, he can think better than common man. 

• What is poetic diction? Which sort of poetic diction is suggested by Wordsworth in his Preface?

       Poetic diction means 'Choice of Word'- unique style of authors that he or she chooses his or her own language, which is understood by rustic people; who closure to reality and more genuineness the language should be natural not ornamental. Wordsworth's argument is that he is interested in writing poems in lyrical ballads. And the language "as really used by men". Wordsworth also answers to Coleridge that he finds humble and rustic life, a men who closer to reality or more genuineness. Wordsworth preferred rustic men rather than city dwells.

• What is poetry?

"Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.

          In this definition of poetry there are two apparent contradictions. The "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" on one side and "emotion recollected in tranquility" on the other side are apparently two contradictory statements. "Spontaneous overflow" must be immediate and unrestricted without any interval of time between feeling and its expression. The expression "recollected in tranquility" would suggest intervention of time between feeling and its expression. "Recollection" means remembering some impression after some lapse of time. Wordsworth himself has tried to reconcile this apparent contradiction in his further elucidation of his definition. Immediate impression has a blending of both important and unimportant impressions. When they are allowed to rest for sometime, only the important impressions remain in the memory, and the unimportant ones wash away. The poet would then express those powerful impressions spontaneously with ease and felicity without any imposition of restriction in point of language or poetic diction. The poet's expression of those powerful feelings must be easy, smooth and natural.

• Discuss 'Daffodils - I wandered lonely as a cloud' with reference to Wordsworth's poetic creed.

          Daffodils is the most famous example of Wordsworth's definition of poetry. The poem has four stanzas. The first three stanzas are written in past tense " I wandered as a cloud.....", but the final stanza of the poem is written in present tense " For oft, when on my couch I lie......" The poet reclining on a couch , when he goes to a nature walk he must seen the stretch of Daffodils, which he recollects when he is in a vacant mood. In this way the definition of poetry we find appropriate in Daffodils by Wordsworth.

Dryden's essay on Drametic Poesy

1) Do you find any difference between Aristotle's definition of tragedy and Dryden's definition of play?

Yes there is huge difference between Aristotle's definition of tragedy and Dryden's definition of the play. Aristotle gives the definition in a very conservative manner. he says that "tragedy is an imitation of an action that is serious and also having magnitude complete in itself...." and he ended his definition with the word 'catharsis'. Whereas Dryden gives the definition of the play in a wider sense. he added two new words in the definition that is just and live. He says that a play must represent just and lively image of human nature. And he ended his definition with the word 'delight'. he added that onlookers will feel good if we ended our play with delight and instruction of mankind. In this way Dryden moves further from Aristotle's ways of thinking and thus differentiate his work of art.

2) If you are supposed to give your personal predilection, would you be on the side of the Ancient or the Modern? Please give reasons.

f I suppose to give my personal predilection, I would like to be on the side of modern, because ancients have followed the rules and disciplines, and moderns have not only followed or imitated them but also have given something new with the help of new inventions in that era like in science and changes in the social world. Ancient used to write in different kind of boundaries like unities and as per the Greek tradition some scenes were not allowed to perform on stage. So the freedom of action is not there.

3)Do you think that the arguments presented in favour of the French plays and against English plays are appropriate?

I think arguments are presented in the favour of English plays. The plots of French plays are barren while English ones are copious to further the same action. The English plays have numbers of plots with the main plot and audience is important because of that in English plays, there are all types of themes.

4) What would be your preference so far as poetic or prosaic dialogues are concerned in the play? 

I would like to go with poetic dialogues in the play. There are two critics who argued in terms of rhymes and blank verse. Crites favors blank verse style of writing whereas Neander favors rhyme. Crites says that rhyme makes the play unnatural, if someone use rhymes then the naturality of dialogues goes out. But what Neander says that if we choose appropriate word at appropriate place, then there is no point of unnaturality. Same thing what I feel that to use rhyme makes the play more beautiful and live. It affects the reader's soul if we used appropriate rhyme. So the poetic dialogues are more capable to make readers active and live than the prosaic dialogues which sometimes bored a lot. 

Aristotle's Poetic

1) How far do you agree with Plato’s objection to freedom of expression and artistic liberty enjoyed by creative writers? Name the texts (novels, plays, poems, movies, TV soaps etc which can be rightfully objected and banned with reference to Plato’s objections)

Yes, I'm agree with Plato. We know that some tv soaps are totally weird and idiotic, by seeing that type of tv soaps we must think that plato's objection is really true. Some types of immoral acts should be totally banned. Plato in his book The republic says that poets misguide people and they provoke evil ideas in people' s mind. Hence they should be banished from the ideal state. I would like to give some examples, most of the children like to watch 'Cartoon'. I have found some T.V serial which are totally immoral. Like 'Doremon', after watching the Doremon Children become slothful. Because Nobita (character) is lazy boy, who everytime playing a game and he does not interest in study and Doremon everytime Help him with his non sence gadget. Thus, childern attract them and became a slothful to them study. 

2) With reference to the literary texts you have studied during B.A. programme, write brief note on the texts which followed Aristotelian literary tradition (i.e. his concept of tragedy, catharsis, tragic hero with hamartia etc)

I was studied one tragedy of Shakespeare that was 'Hamlet'. In that tragedy Shakespeare use and follow Aristotelian tragedy. In that the hero was follow rules and regulation of Aristotelian tragedy which is given by Aristotle. In that protagonist of the play is full of Hamartia that Hamlet not decide to right time on right place and not a hero of action that way Shakespeare use Aristotelian tragedy.

3) With reference to the literary texts you have studies during B.A. programme, write brief note on the texts which did NOT follow Aristotelian literary tradition. (i.e. his concept of tragedy, catharsis, tragic hero with hamartia etc.)

I was also studied one play during my B.A. that was Measure For Measure there was Shakespeare not followed Aristotelian tragedy in that protagonists have no any kind of Hamartia and there was a tragedy but not full of tragedy. That way in this play protagonists not in catharsis also. That way in this play Shakespeare not followed Aristotelian tragedy.

4) Have you studied any tragedies during B.A. programme? Who was/were the tragic protagonist/s in those tragedies? What was their ‘hamartia’?

I was studied 'Hamlet' in that protagonists of the play is Hamlet. Hamlet's Hamartia is that he was not man of action. He always in dilemma that what he do next. And he also think over that " To be or not To be that's the question." that way his Hamartia we can find. His one weakness is moral weakness. That way in that play I was find Hamartia in the protagonists of the play.

5) Did the ‘Plot’ of those tragedies follow necessary rules and regulations proposed by Aristotle? (Like chain of cause and effect, principle of probability and necessity, harmonious arrangement of incidents, complete, certain magnitude, unity of action etc)

 In the tragedy of Samson Antagonists there were writer express and follow all features which is given by Aristotle.There was a complete plot,action,all the thing.That way I was found feature of Aristotelian tragedy.

Dr. Faustus

1) The play directed by Matthew Dunster for Globe theatre ends with this scene (see the image of Lucifer). What does it signify?

In the end of the play, we saw Lucifer with wide wings that shows his power which he got from a soul of a dead Faustus who has lived a sinful life and sold his soul to Luyes there is god in the play. 'We only need the light when it is burning low & we only miss the sun when it starts to snow. 'The same way here Dr. Faustus didn't need any God or heavenly power because he has a power of his knowledge and slowly he fall and in last scene of play when Dr. Faustus repeanting there we can prove that there is indirectly god is present in the play in the mind of Dr. Faustus.cifer. It suggests that Lucifer got power from the souls of dead persons.

2) Is God present in the play? If yes, where and how? If No, why?

yes there is god in the play. 'We only need the light when it is burning low & we only miss the sun when it starts to snow. 'The same way here Dr. Faustus didn't need any God or heavenly power because he has a power of his knowledge and slowly he fall and in last scene of play when Dr. Faustus repeanting there we can prove that there is indirectly god is present in the play in the mind of Dr. Faustus.

3) What reading and interpretation can be given to this image (see the image of Daedalus and Icarus) with reference to central theme of the play Dr. Faustus?

           This image is of the myth of Icarus , we can also use it as reference to Dr. Faustus. This myth gives us the picture of consequences of disobeying the God a or laws of Nature . Both, Icarus and Faustus wanted to go beyond the limits of Nature or God. Icarus wanted to fly high and because of it he becomes cause of his own downfall. Similarly, Faustus wanted to be Demi- God and to gain more knowledge by using necromancy. God try to stop him in different ways as in the end old man said " O gentle Faustus ,leave this damned art, offers to pour the same into thy soul, then call for mercy ,and avoid despair" so , we can say that getting knowledge is good but by wrong way ,its may be cause your downfall. 

Yugpurush

Yugpurush- Mahatma ka mahatma

August 4,2017 

Today we was going to see the live play Mahatma ka Mahatma at Yashwant rai Natya Gruh, Bhavnagar.

Yugpurush is the play about the nation father Mahatma Gandhi's Life. This play is talk about where Gandhi inspired to doing SatyaGrah. We know what is importance of guru (teacher) in our life. I remind our Quotes,

"गुरु गोविन्द दोऊ खड़े काको लागूं पायं।

बलिहारी गुरु आपने जिन गोविन्द दियो बताय।।"

               Guru is our deity. If guru wants, he/she will change our life. Guru is our destiny. We can see that Gandhi also a guru Jain philosopher Shrimad Rajchandraji. And he changed Gandhiji's life.

The Father of the Indian Nation, Mahatma Gandhi is synonymous with ahimsa and satyagraha. One wonders who the Mahatma's inspiration was. Gandhiji placed Shrimad Rajchandraji as foremost among those he considered to be his guides. Shrimadji's direct interaction with Gandhiji and His letters, both played a pivotal role in shaping Gandhiji's character and kindled in him the novel idea of using ahimsa to attain independence.

The Yugpurush is a heart-touching portrayal of this special bond between Shrimadji and Gandhiji that catapulted him from 'Mohandas' to 'Mahatma'. What began as friendship, progressed to Gandhiji's proclamation of Shrimadji as his spiritual mentor.

Hamlet

William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright who is considered one of the greatest writers to ever use the English language. He is also the most famous playwright in the world, with his plays being translated in over 50 languages and performed across the globe for audiences of all ages. His works span tragedy, comedy, and historical works, both in poetry and prose. And although the man is the most-recognized playwright in the world, very little of his life is actually known. No known autobiographical letters or diaries have survived to modern day, and with no surviving descendants, Shakespeare is a figure both of magnificent genius and mystery. This has led to many interpretations of his life and works, creating a legend out of the commoner from Stratford-upon-Avon who rose to prominence and in the process wrote many of the seminal works that provide the foundation for the current English language. His notable work is

“Hamlet”
“The Taming of the Shrew”
“Henry IV, Part 1”
“The Merry Wives of Windsor”
“A Midsummer Night’s Dream”
“Richard III”
First Folio
“Macbeth”
“King John”
“The Merchant of Venice”etc.

Hamlet is the world famous revenge play. Most of film industries try to making film plot of a Hamlet. Kenneth Branagh is a director, who tried to make film as well as hamlet its full based on William Shakespeare's Hamlet.

• The movie is faithful in terms of the soliloquy and the dialogues spoken by the characters in the play. The main incidents like the madness of Ophelia, grave digging scene etc are very well shown in the film as similar to the way it is described in the original play, But there are many things in the movie which is different from the original play in terms of costumes, customs. Even in the film hamlet is portrayed as too old than the real Prince Hamlet in the play who is very young. there are many changes made in this film. The presence of ghost is shown by the movement of the sword of the statue whereas in the play the text is unable to show it dramatic movement.Even the falling of the statue at the end is also indicates a big change. So after watching the film my perception about the play, character and the situation is totally changed.
• In the film the players came to enact on stage as per the instructions and some dialogues given by Hamlet.When they are performing the incident which relates to the life of Claudius, Gertrude and King Hamlet, both the husband and wife that is Claudius and Gertrude became fearful and Claudius leaves that place immediately.
• Yes, I feel catharsis in the film when Ophelia gone mad. and the scene of Grave yard, hamlet saw Yoric's skull.

• Yes the screening of the movie helps me a lot in better understanding of the play. because there were many character i understood to his relationship to another like Fortinbras, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern.